The effect of interprofessional education on the work environment of health professionals: a scoping review.

To explore the existing literature on the effect of Interprofessional Education (IPE) on the work environment of health professionals. The research question was systematized according to the PCC (Population, Concept, and Context) format. A scoping review was performed. A search of multiple bibliographic databases identified 407 papers, of which 21 met the inclusion criteria. The populations of the 21 studies reviewed were composed of professionals in the fields of medicine, nursing, psychology, occupational therapy, physiotherapy, and social work, among others. The study contexts were both academic and nonacademic hospitals, mental health institutions, and community settings, and the topics examined were organizational climate, organizational culture, organizational attachment and job satisfaction. The findings from the reviewed studies showed positive effects of IPE interventions on organizational climate and culture, but the results on job satisfaction and organizational attachment were mixed (i.e., positive and no effects following IPE interventions). Research on IPE is worth more attention as IPE could be an effective alternative for the fulfillment of the Quadruple Aim and achieving the third of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, aimed at improving health and well-being. It seems critical for IPE to be positioned as a trend in global health, aiming at boosting human health resources as one of its building blocks and calling the attention of health decision-makers.

Prevalence and risk factors for intestinal parasitic infections in pregnant women residing in three districts of Bogotá, Colombia.

BACKGROUND: Intestinal parasitic infections (IPI) lead to significant morbidity and mortality in pediatric and adult populations worldwide. Intestinal parasitism during pregnancy is of interest as it may affect the health of pregnant women and their offspring. This study determined the prevalence of IPI in pregnant women living in substandard conditions in three urban districts of Bogotá, Colombia. Associations between prevalence and sociodemographic factors, housing, and living conditions were also evaluated. METHODS: In a cross-sectional and community-based study, pregnant women were recruited from three districts of Bogotá. A total of 550 participants answered a questionnaire; 331 of these also provided stool samples, with 233 providing one and 98 providing two stool samples. Questionnaire responses were associated with the presence of intestinal parasites, which was determined using a standard combined microscopy technique including direct wet mount and formol-ether concentration. Results were verified by supplementary examination of 48 stool samples by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). RESULTS: Among pregnant women who lived in selected poor residential areas in Bogotá, the overall prevalence of intestinal parasitism was 41% with 9% polyparasitism. Pathogenic parasites were present in 1.2% of the 331 participants including Giardia lamblia and Ascaris lumbricoides. Higher prevalence was found for parasites with debated pathogenicity, including Blastocystis hominis (25%), Endolimax nana (15%), Entamoeba coli (8%), and Iodamoeba butschlii (2%). Entamoeba histolytica/dispar complex was also detected (1.5%). When comparing a subset of stool samples using the combined microscopy technique and qPCR, the latter detected a higher 58.3% overall IPI prevalence. Higher prevalence of infections by any intestinal parasite was found in participants who had never been dewormed (p = 0.01). Higher but not statistically significant associations were found between any parasite and women living with a partner, and intestinal polyparasitism and being from a minority group and not having a water sink. CONCLUSIONS: This first study of the prevalence of intestinal parasitism in Bogotá focused on pregnant women living in poverty, found a high prevalence of intestinal parasites of debated pathogenicity, and confirmed a low prevalence of pathogenic intestinal parasites. These results highlight the need for educational interventions to disrupt transmission routes for prevalent parasites.

Caracterización familiar de jóvenes consumidores experimentales de sustancias psicoactivas atendidos en el Departamento de Toxicología de Colsubsidio / Family Characterization of Young Experimental Consumers of Psychoactive Substances Seen in the Toxicology Department at Colsubsidio / Caracterização familiar de jovens consumidores experimentais de sustâncias psicoativas atendidos no Departamento de Toxicología de Colsubsidio

Esta investigación caracterizó familias de jóvenes consumidores experimentales de sustancias psicoactivas (SPA). Materiales y métodos: para ello se realizó un estudio cualitativo, con enfoque hermenéutico, en una población de jóvenes entre 12 y 17 años que han experimentado con SPA. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas basadas en un protocolo flexible de catorce categorías y se aplicaron a los pacientes y a sus familias. Resultados: se evidenció baja cohesión familiar, pobre identificación con el núcleo e inconsistencia en los patrones educativos inculcados por los padres, así como un acompañamiento deficiente por parte de los mismos; de igual manera, se percibe una influencia significativa del grupo de pares en el proceso de inicio en el consumo de sustancias ilegales, representando una forma de posicionamiento y de prestigio que otorgan una sensación de bienestar psicológico, emocional y social, más que una gratificación física. Conclusiones: se aprecia una influencia significativa del modelamiento de los padres en el uso de SPA legales como el alcohol y el tabaco. Asimismo, se identifica la necesidad prioritaria de integrar habilidades de comunicación y resolución de conflictos a las dinámicas de la familia, mediante programas de prevención y seguimiento que permitan a los padres de jóvenes consumidores experimentales adquirir herramientas educativas que direccionen de manera adecuada nuevas pautas de crianza con base en las falencias identificadas en este estudio.

This investigation characterized families of adolescents experimenting with psychoactive substances (PAS) consumption. Materials and methods: For this purpose, a qualitative study with a hermeneutical emphasis was conducted among a population of adolescents between the ages of 12 and 17 who have experimented with PAS. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with patients and their families employing a flexible protocol of 14 categories. Results: The findings showed low levels of family cohesion and sense of family identity, inconsistency between educational patterns followed by the parents, as well as deficient parental support. Similarly, the findings indicate significant peer influence during the first stages of consumption of illegal substances. In this regard, the findings suggest that more than providing physical satisfaction, consumption represents a form of acquiring prestige and social position while granting a sensation of psychological, emotional and social well-being. Conclusions: Parental influence was also found considerable in regarding the consumption of legal PAS, like alcohol and tobacco. The study identified as a high-priority need to promote and incorporate communication and conflict resolution skills within the family dynamics by means of prevention and monitoring programs. Those skills and programs would be aimed at providing parents of adolescents experimenting with PAS consumption with new educational tools to orientate new raising guidelines so as to respond appropriately to the problems identified in this study.

Introdução: esta pesquisa caracterizou famílias de jovens consumidores experimentais de sustâncias psicoativas (SPA). Materiais e métodos: para isso realizou-se um estudo qualitativo, com enfoque hermenêutico, em uma população de jovens entre 12 e 17 anos que têm experimentado com SPA. Realizaram-se entrevistas semiestruturadas baseadas em um protocolo flexível de catorze categorias e se aplicaram aos pacientes e a suas famílias. Resultados: se evidenciou baixa coesão familiar, pobre identificação com o núcleo e inconsistência nos patrões educativos inculcados pelos pais, assim como um acompanhamento deficiente por parte deles; igualmente, se percebe uma influência significativa do grupo de pares no processo de inicio no consumo de sustâncias ilegais, representando uma forma de posicionamento e de prestigio que otourgam uma sensação de bem-estar psicológico, emocional e social, mais que uma gratificação física. Conclusões: aprecia-se uma influência significativa da formação dos pais no uso de SPA legais como o álcool e o fumo. Assim mesmo, se identifica a necessidade prioritária de integrar habilidades de comunicação e resolução de conflitos às dinâmicas da família, mediante programas de prevenção e seguimento que permitam aos pais de jovens consumidores experimentais adquirir ferramentas educativas que direcionem de forma adequada novas pautas de criação com base nas falências identificadas neste estudo.